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1.
Rev. psiquiatr. Urug ; 86(1): 25-34, sept. 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UY-BNMED, BNUY | ID: biblio-1412171

ABSTRACT

La esquizofrenia es una psicosis crónica que se caracteriza por tres dominios sintomáticos: síntomas positivos, síntomas negativos y síntomas cognitivos. Se estima que afecta al 1 % de la población. El desarrollo de la psicofarmacología y del tratamiento de la esquizofrenia ha permitido distinguir genios evolutivos según la respuesta terapéutica. En este sentido es que se delinea el concepto de esquizofrenia resistente al tratamiento (ERT). Se estima ERT en un 30 % aproximadamente de los sujetos que padecen esquizofrenia. La identificación temprana y adecuada de este subgrupo de individuos se relaciona con una mejor respuesta. Este artículo es una narrativa sobre el concepto de ERT y su impacto clínico.


Schizophrenia is a chronic psychosis characterized by three symptom domains: positive symptoms, negative symptoms and cognitive symptoms. Its prevalence is about 1 % of the general population. The development of psychopharmacology and schizophrenia treatment have made possible the distinction between different clinical courses and outcomes according to treatment response. This is the basis for the concept of treatment resistant schizophrenia (TRS), which can be present in 30 % of schizophrenic patients. Early and adequate identification of this subgroup is related to better outcomes. Authors analyze the previously mentioned concept and its clinical impact.


Subject(s)
Humans , Schizophrenia, Treatment-Resistant/diagnosis , Treatment Outcome
2.
Int. j. med. surg. sci. (Print) ; 8(2): 1-7, jun. 2021. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1284463

ABSTRACT

El hematoma subdural crónico (HSC) es una patología neuroquirúrgica frecuente, que se reconoce como consecuencia de traumatismos craneoencefálicos de poca magnitud que habitualmente se diagnostican en pacientes seniles, aunque puede presentarse en pacientes jóvenes y sin antecedentes de traumas.El objetivo que persigue este trabajo es la presentación de una paciente con un HSC bilateral, con características poco usuales.Caso clínico: se presenta una paciente del sexo femenino, de 46 años de edad, sin antecedente de traumatismo craneal ni de otra patología concomitante, que consulta por una cefalea de 15 días de evolución. El examen físico constató midriasis, pupila de Hutchinson, papiledema bilateral y exoforia del ojo derecho, parálisis del tercer par craneal y ataxia de tronco, fue catalogada con Glasgow 13. Se realizó tratamiento anti edema cerebral temprano y las manifestaciones desaparecieron en gran medida. En la Tomografía axial computarizada se diagnosticó un hematoma subdural frontotemporal bilateral con desplazamiento de las estructuras de la línea media a la izquierda. Fue operada de urgencia y dada de alta completamente recuperada tres días después.Conclusión: el HSC puede presentarse con distintas formas clínicas, simulando procesos expansivos tumorales, ataques cerebrovasculares, demencias o entidades neurológicas de otra índole. El manejo del caso por clínicos y neurocirujanos fue rápido y efectivo, lo que explica que la paciente tuvo una recuperación temprana y total. En estos casos la actuación médica es decisiva en el éxito del tratamiento.


Chronic subdural hematoma (CSH) is a common neurosurgical pathology that is recognized as a consequence of minor head injuries that are usually diagnosed in senile patients, although it can occur in young patients without a history of trauma.The objective of this work is the presentation of a patient with a bilateral CSH, with unusual characteristics.Clinical case: a 46-year-old female patient with no history of head trauma or other concomitant pathology is presented, who consulted for a 15-day-old headache. Physical examination confirmed mydriasis, Hutchinson's pupil, bilateral papilledema and exophoria of the right eye, third cranial nerve palsy, and trunk ataxia. She was cataloged with Glasgow 13. Early anti-cerebral edema treatment was performed and the manifestations largely disappeared. A computed tomography scan diagnosed a bilateral fronto temporal subdural hematoma with displacement of the midline structures to the left. She underwent emergency surgery and was discharged completely recovered three days later. Conclusion: HSC can present with different clinical forms, simulating expansive tumor processes, cerebrovascular attacks, dementias or neurological entities of another nature. The case management by clinicians and neurosurgeons was quick and effective, which explains that the patient had an early and complete recovery. In these cases, medical action is decisive in the success of the treatment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Hematoma, Subdural, Chronic/diagnostic imaging , Craniocerebral Trauma/complications , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Hematoma, Subdural, Chronic/surgery , Hematoma, Subdural, Chronic/etiology
3.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 157(2): 154-159, mar.-abr. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1279095

ABSTRACT

Resumen Antecedentes: La colitis ulcerosa crónica idiopática (CUCI) es una enfermedad con inflamación crónica de la mucosa del colon de origen multifactorial. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar posibles cambios en el comportamiento de la CUCI en un hospital de referencia. Métodos: Se incluyeron nuevos casos de CUCI confirmados por histopatología de enero del 2007 a diciembre del 2014. Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 189 pacientes. La media de nuevos casos anuales de CUCI fue de 23.6. Este estudio incorpora 95 pacientes de sexo masculino (50 %) y 94 de sexo femenino (50 %), con una edad promedio al diagnóstico de 44.6 años. La frecuencia de pancolitis fue del 77 %, en comparación con el 59 % en el periodo anterior. Las manifestaciones extraintestinales (MEI) estuvieron presentes en el 55.8 % y las colectomías en el 5.2 %. Conclusión: Algunas características de la enfermedad han cambiado con el tiempo: aumento de la frecuencia de pancolitis y MEI, así como disminución de la tasa de colectomías.


Abstract Background: Chronic idiopathic ulcerative colitis (CIUC) is a disease with multifactorial chronic inflammation of the colonic mucosa. In Mexico, there are studies that show an increase in the frequency of new cases. The purpose of this work was to identify possible changes in CIUC behavior in a referral hospital. Methods: New ulcerative colitis (UC) cases confirmed by histopathology from January 2007 to December 2014 were included. Results: A total of 189 patients were included. Mean number of UC annual new cases was 23.6. The study included 95 male patients (50 %) and 94 female patients (50 %), with an average age of 44.6 years at diagnosis. The frequency of pancolitis was 77 %, in comparison with 59 % in the previous period. Extra-intestinal manifestations (EIM) were present in 55.8 % and colectomies in 5.2 %. Conclusion: Some characteristics of the disease have changed over time: there is an increased frequency of pancolitis and EIM, as well as a decrease in the rate of colectomies.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Colitis, Ulcerative/epidemiology , Colitis, Ulcerative/surgery , Colitis, Ulcerative/complications , Comorbidity , Incidence , Retrospective Studies , Sex Distribution , Colectomy/statistics & numerical data , Age Distribution , Tertiary Care Centers/statistics & numerical data , Mexico/epidemiology
4.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 156(5): 438-446, sep.-oct. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1249943

ABSTRACT

Resumen La medicina se caracteriza por la aplicación del método científico a través del juicio clínico, por la correcta interpretación y el uso del curso clínico o historia natural de la enfermedad; su descripción más lograda la observamos en la arquitectura de la investigación clínica. A través de una secuencia temporal, este modelo explica el fenómeno de causalidad con tres apartados: estado basal, maniobra y desenlace. En el estado basal se evalúa quién es el paciente, de donde proviene, sus condiciones generales, el diagnóstico, el estadio y la agresividad de la patología, las complicaciones, terapias previas, nivel socioeconómico-cultural, hábitos, indicaciones o contraindicaciones terapéuticas y se prevé la evolución esperada. De la maniobra se pueden evaluar los factores de riesgo o pronóstico, tratamiento específico, sintomático y medidas generales. En el desenlace se vigila la evolución temprana y tardía. El modelo también permite determinar las causas de pérdida de seguimiento. Anticipar la evolución del paciente al reconocer su condición, enfermedad y efecto esperado de la decisiones médicas permite actuar anticipadamente, ya que esperar las manifestaciones del proceso evolutivo de la enfermedad resulta en detrimento del paciente.


Abstract Medicine is characterized by the application of the scientific method through clinical judgment, by correct interpretation and use of the clinical course and/or natural history of the disease; its best description is observed in the architecture of clinical research. Through a temporal sequence, this model explains the phenomenon of causality with three sections: baseline status, maneuver, and outcome. The baseline status assesses who the patient is, where does he come from, his general conditions, the diagnosis, stage and aggressiveness of the pathology, complications, previous therapies, socioeconomic-cultural level, habits, therapeutic indications or contraindications and the expected evolution is anticipated. In the maneuver, risk or prognostic factors, specific or symptom treatment, and general measures could be evaluated. In the outcome, early and late evolution are monitored. The model also allows the causes of follow-up loss to be determined. Anticipating patient evolution by recognizing his condition, disease, and expected effect of medical decisions allows acting in advance, since waiting for the manifestations of the evolutionary process of disease results in detriment to the patient.


Subject(s)
Humans , Patients , Causality , Biomedical Research/methods , Clinical Reasoning , Prognosis , Socioeconomic Factors , Time , Treatment Outcome , Lost to Follow-Up , Contraindications , Habits
5.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 67(1): 16-20, Mar. 2009. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-509101

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The primary concern of this study is to evaluate the clinical course of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in a group of patients who refused treatment. METHOD: This study compares the outcome of a group of RLS patients after one year without any specific treatment. The International Restless Legs Syndrome Scale (IRLS) was applied at baseline (irls_1) and after one year (irls_2). The patients answered a simple questionnaire for the evaluation of possible environmental or life habit changes after one-year evolution. Serum ferritin was determined at baseline. An improvement index ( percentimprovement) was established through the formula: irls_1- irls_2/irls_1 ' 100. Results were compared and a correlation analysis performed. RESULTS: A negative significant correlation was found between the patientsí age and irls_2 (r= -0.9 p=0.0018) and between percentimprovement and irls_2 (r= -0.88 p=0.0039). A positive and significant correlation was determined between percentimprovement and age. There was only a marginally significant correlation between serum ferritin and ilrs_2 (r= -0.7 p=0.052). No significant changes were found in the other elements analyzed. CONCLUSION: A favorable outcome was found in this group of RLS patients after one year evolution without treatment. The outcome was positively influenced by the patientsí age.


OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a evolução de oito pacientes com diagnóstico de síndrome das pernas inquietas (SPI) após doze meses sem tratamento. MÉTODO: Estudo de coorte, retrospectivo, consistindo na aplicação da escala de gravidade da SPI (IRLS), de questionário para avaliação de mudanças ambientais ou de hábitos de vida e dosagem de ferritina sérica. Realizada comparação da pontuação IRLS obtida na consulta inicial (irls_1) e após doze meses de evolução (irls_2) e estabelecido um índice de melhora percentual ( por centomelhora=irls_1 - irls_2 / irls_1 ' 100). Análise de correlação dos dados obtidos. RESULTADOS: Foi demonstrada correlação negativa e significativa entre a idade e a irls_2 (r= -0,9 e p=0,0018) e entre por centomelhora e irls_2 (r= -0,88 e p=0,0039). Encontrou-se correlação positiva e significativa entre por centomelhora e a idade. Houve apenas correlação negativa marginalmente não-significativa entre a dosagem de ferritina sérica e ilrs_2 (r= -0,7 e p=0,052). CONCLUSÃO: Neste grupo demonstrou-se evolução favorável da SPI após doze meses que se correlacionou positivamente com a idade dos pacientes, não tendo sido influenciada aparentemente por hábitos de vida ou mudanças ambientais.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Humans , Middle Aged , Ferritins/blood , Life Style , Restless Legs Syndrome/therapy , Treatment Refusal , Brazil , Biomarkers/blood , Retrospective Studies , Restless Legs Syndrome/blood , Surveys and Questionnaires
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